* Key genes involved in bacterial conjugation: Tra gene, mob gene, and OriT gene.
* Function of plasmids in carrying exotoxins and drug resistance genes.
* Structural components of bacteria: pilus, ribosomes, flagellum, capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, plasmid, and nucleoid chromosome.
* Differentiation between male (F+) and female (F-) bacteria based on plasmid possession.
* Concepts of F prime plasmids and Hfr cells in conjugation.
* Process of conjugation: sex pilus formation, DNA transfer, recircularization, and plasmid replication.
Mobeen Syed M.D, MS Graduated from King Edward Medical University. Entrepreneur, Medical Educator, CEO and founder of Drbeen corp.