* Understand the use of non-opioid pharmacologic alternatives like acetaminophen and NSAIDs for pain management.
* Explore medicated topical agents and interventional pain management techniques, including spinal cord stimulation.
* Assess the benefits of complementary therapies, rehabilitation exercises, and behavioral treatments for pain relief and functional improvement.
* Recognize the application of non-opioid anesthesia in surgical settings to enhance patient outcomes.