Become a member to get access to articles.

1. Origin of MAPK pathway nomenclature.

2. Mechanisms involving:

- Platelet-derived growth factors

- Transforming growth factors

- Epidermal growth factors

- Nerve growth factors

-Insulin, GPCRs, cytokines

- Osmotic stress, microtubule disorganization

3. Clinical significance:

- Cancer and uncontrolled growth

- MAPK/ERK modulators as therapies

4. Developmental abnormalities:

- Noonan syndrome

- Rasopathies

5. Cellular stress response:

- Autocrine and paracrine actions of growth factors

6. Key proteins:

- GRB2

- SOS

7. MAPK pathway roles in:

- Proliferation

- Differentiation

- Development

- Inflammation

- Apoptosis

- Stress response

- Survival response

8. Natural modulators of the MAPK pathway.