In this lecture, Dr. Zaafran discusses depression, psychosis, mania, cyclothymia,dysthymia, severe depression, mild depression, going into depth on how they are diagnosed and what managment of these mood disorders entail.

Dr. Zaafran presents substance abuse, especially alcoholism. He discusses biological, psychological, and social models leading to the positive rewards. Role of impulsive personality and alcohol abuse. Physiological aspects leading to habit forming behaviors and alcoholism. Family history. Children of alcoholics (COA.) Genetic evidence of alcoholism tendency. Gender susceptibility. Type 1 Alcoholism. Psychological characteristics of alcoholism. Social factors. And, finally the media and its role in alcoholism.

In this video, Dr. Jones discusses a number of anxiety disorders, including panic disorders, phobic anxiety disorders, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Dr. Jones explains the following for each disorder: -

The presentation

The diagnostic criteria (DSM-V criteria)

The treatment approaches

The video ends with clinical scenarios, questions, and a rapid review to recap of the important aspects of anxiety disorders.

In this video, Dr. Jones discusses Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Dr Jones explains the following for this disorder:
* The typical history
* The diagnostic criteria (DSM-V criteria)
* The treatment approaches
The video ends with clinical scenarios, questions and a rapid review to recap on the important aspects of the disorders discussed. 

In this video, Dr. Jones discusses Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, and Brief Psychotic Disorder. Dr. Jones explains the following for each disorder:
- Etiology 
- The typical history
- The treatment approaches
The video ends with clinical scenarios, questions, and a rapid review to recap of the important aspects of the disorders discussed. 

In this video, Dr Jones discusses Behavioural Addiction. Dr Jones explains the following for a range of addiction disorders:
- The typical history
- The diagnostic criteria 
- The treatment approaches
The video ends with some questions and a rapid review to recap on the important aspects of Behavioural Addiction. 

In this video, Dr Jones discusses Impulse Control Disorders. Dr Jones explains the following for a range of Impulse Control Disorders:

• The typical history
• The treatment approaches

The video includes questions throughout to emphasis the important aspects of Impulse Control Disorders.

In this video, Dr. Jones discusses Gender Dysphoria. Dr. Jones explains the following for this disorder:
* The typical history
* The diagnostic criteria (DSM-V criteria)
* The treatment approaches
The video ends with some questions and a rapid review to recap on the critical aspects of Gender Dysphoria.

In this video, Dr. Jones discusses Somatoform Disorders. Dr. Jones explains the following for a range of Somatoform Disorders:
- The typical history
- The treatment approaches
The video includes clinical scenarios and questions to emphasize the important aspects of this topic. 

In this lecture, Dr Jones will discuss the clinically important points related to psychotic disorders. Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch with reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs, such as thinking that someone is plotting against you or that the TV is sending you secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing, or feeling something that is not there. Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder. Psychosis can also be caused by alcohol, some drugs, brain tumours, brain infections, stroke and mood disorders such as bipolar. This lecture will discuss Schizophrenia, Brief Psychotic disorder and Schizophreniform disorders.

In this video, Dr Jones discusses Mood Disorders. Dr Jones explains the following for these disorders:
* The typical history
* The diagnostic criteria (DSM-V criteria)
* The treatment approaches
The video includes clinical scenarios and questions to consider the important aspects of this topic. 

In this video, Dr Jones discusses Drug Abuse. Dr Jones explains the following topics:
* Presentation
* Diagnosis 
* Treatment approaches
To a range of substance abuse disorders. 
The video includes questions to consider the important aspects of this topic. 

In this lecture, we will talk about the presentation, diagnosis and treatment approaches to a range of eating disorders.

An eating disorder is when a patient has an unhealthy attitude to food, which can take over your life and make you ill. It can involve eating too much or too little or becoming obsessed with their weight and body shape. Men and women of any age can get an eating disorder, but they most commonly affect young women aged 13 to 17 years old. 
In this lecture we will talk about the three most common eating disorders:

• Anorexia nervosa 
• Bulimia
• Binge eating disorder (BED)

In this lecture, we will talk about the presentation to a range of personality disorders. 

A person with a personality disorder will
think differently, 
Feel differently
behave differently 
or relates to others very differently from the average person.

The DSM-V states there are several different types of personality disorder, split into 3 clusters: 
Cluster A: Peculiar thought processes, inappropriate affect – remember them as WEIRD
Cluster B: Mood lability, dissociative symptoms, preoccupation with rejection remember them as WILD
Cluster C: Anxiety, preoccupation with criticism or rigidity remember them as WORRIED

Causes
It's not clear exactly what causes personality disorders, but they're thought to result from a combination of the genes a person inherits and early environmental influences – for example, a distressing childhood experience (such as abuse or neglect).

Prevalence:
All are relatively common.
More males have antisocial and narcissistic PDs
More females have borderline and histrionic PDs. 

Onset:
Usually not diagnosed until late adolescence or early adulthood 

Course. 
Usually very chronic over decades without treatment. 
Symptoms of paranoid, schizoid, and narcissistic PD often worsen with age; 
symptoms of antisocial and borderline PD often ameliorate. 

Key Symptoms. 
A long pattern of difficult interpersonal relationships, problems adapting to stress, failure to achieve goals, chronic unhappiness, low self-esteem 

Personality disorders are usually associated with mood disorders.

Treatment: 
Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Intensive and long-term psychodynamic and cognitive therapy are treatments of choice for most PDs. 
Use of mood stabilizers and antidepressants is sometimes useful for Cluster B PDs. 

Differential Diagnosis: 
Major rule-outs are mood disorders, personality change due to a general medical condition, and adjustment disorders. 

In this lecture, we will discuss the clinically relevant points of Catatonia. Catatonia is an abnormal neuropsychiatric condition that affects both behavior and motor function, and results in unresponsiveness in someone who otherwise appears to be awake.

For the purpose of diagnosis, there are three types of catatonia, including catatonia associated with another mental disorder, catatonia disorder due to another medical condition, and unspecified catatonia.

Although often associated with schizophrenia and other affective disorders, catatonia may be a result of, or due to, any number of psychotic disorders, mood disorders or general medical conditions. Catatonia is sometimes referred to as catatonic syndrome, because there is not just one identifying sign or symptom associated with this condition or symptoms that appear separately from one another, but rather a collection of several symptoms that appear together at the same time.

These specific signs and symptoms do not vary, regardless of the nature of the condition. In terms of symptoms…

Catatonia can be stuporous or excited. Stuporous catatonia is characterised by immobility during which people may hold rigid poses (stupor), an inability to speak (mutism), as well as waxy flexibility, in which they maintain positions after being placed in them by someone else. Mutism may be partial and they may repeat meaningless phrases or speak only to repeat what someone else says. People with stuporous catatonia may also show stereotyped, repetitive movements (stereotypy).

Excited catatonia is characterised by bizarre, non-goal directed hyperactivity and impulsiveness.

How do you diagnose this condition? Well, according to DSM-5, at least three out of twelve symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of catatonia. These symptoms include:

• Stupor (oblivious inability to move or respond to stimuli), catalepsy (rigid body posture)

• Mutism (little to no verbal communication) • Waxy flexibility (body remains in whatever position it is placed by another)

• Negativism (lack of verbal response) • Posturing (holding a posture or position that goes against gravity)

• Mannerisms (extreme or odd movements and mannerisms)

• Stereotypy (frequent repetitive movements for no reason)

• Agitation (for no reason), grimacing (distorted facial expressions)

• Echolalia (repeating others’ words)

• Echopraxia (repeating others’ movements).

When catatonia is associated with schizophrenia, stupor may continue for long periods of time as compared to schizophrenia associated with other psychiatric conditions, where there are likely to be long remissions.

So what causes Catatonia? Well, Catatonia is generally associated with, or due to, other medical conditions, especially brain disorders such as neurodegenerative disease and encephalitis. A severe vitamin B12 deficiency; infection; exposure to toxins; or conditions such as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, autism, extreme trauma, and mood disorders are also associated with catatonia. Catatonia can also be idiopathic, arising from an unknown cause. Any general medical patient who displays obvious related symptoms may be catatonic. The link between catatonia due to or associated with general medical conditions is unclear and the condition often goes unrecognized, but when identified, responds to standard catatonia treatments.

In this video, Dr Jones discusses Mood, Life and Death. Dr Jones explains the following topics:
- Postpartum Mental Health Problems
- Grief vs depression
- Suicidality 
The video includes clinical scenarios and questions to consider the important aspects of this topic. 

Sleep Issues. Causes and Solutions. Let's Talk With A Clinical Psychologist (Dr. Zara Ashikyan)

Sleep issues have become rampant and continue to become worse. Dr. Z discusses the reasons and possible solutions.

Dr. Ashikyan's bio
Zara Ashikyan, Ph.D., QME is a Clinical Psychologist with expertise in Forensic and Neuro Psychology. She completed her undergraduate degree at UCLA in Experimental Psychology and her Ph.D. degree in Clinical Psychology at the California School of Professional Psychology. She then also completed her internship and post-doctoral fellowship at UCLA. She is the Founder and Clinical Director of Western Pacific Psychological Network, a multi-specialty mental health clinic. She is also a member of the Board of Directors of Glendale Memorial Hospital Foundation. For the past 14 years, Dr. Ashikyan has been conducting evaluations for private, court, and organizational purposes, Qualified and Agreed Medical Evaluations, as well as assessments for law enforcement and first responders related to Fitness for Duty, Trauma, & Risk Assessment.  Dr. Ashikyan has notable experience working with athletes related to post-injury rehabilitation and performance issues. She has also vast experience with cognitive and neuro-psychological assessments for adults and conducts FAA evaluations for pilots and air traffic controllers.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.