Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

Objectives for this lecture are:

1. Understanding the types of immune defenses.

2. Understanding the role of each arm of the immune system.

3. Understanding the differences of each arm of the immune system.

This is a review of immunology continuing with T Cells. This video follows the journey of T Cells starting from bone marrow to the thymus, then the lymph node and finally to the infected area. 

Dr. Syed presents type II hypersensitivity reactions. A quick difference between the four types of allergic reactions is discussed.
Characteristics of the type II hypersensitivity reactions. The role of antigen. Attachment of the antigen on the surface of a tissue.
Antigen binding configuration and its significance.
Penicillin reaction causing type II hypersensitivity reaction.
Mechanisms of the tissue damage during the type II hypersensitivity reactions.
Cytotoxic mechanisms, inflammatory mechanisms, and cellular mechanisms of damage are discussed.
Pernicious Anemia
Grave's diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Neutrophils and their activation causing small vessel vasculitis.
 

IVIg A High Level Overview

Some KoolBeens have been asking about the IVIg and how do these products work. Today we will briefly talk about IVIg.

MHC I and MHC II Loading

World is getting more and more enameled with the idea of spike proteins from the SARS-COV-2 present on the cell surface. Let’s review how exactly the virus is managed in our cells by MHCI and MHC II.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIP_(protein)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Pathophysiology

Let's review the factors that trigger autoimmune destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. This condition gives rise to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450788/
Oligoclonal bands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_band
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/oligoclonal-band
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123982704000306
Nervous System Cells
https://healthengine.com.au/info/central-nervous-system-cns
Pericytes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyte
Hookworm and MS
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200618/Parasitic-worms-could-offer-new-treatment-hope-for-MS-patients.aspx

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinical Aspects

Many patients of MS are worried about vaccines and their disease relapsing or becoming intense. Let's review this disease and its pathology to understand more. 

References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL2RA
https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Types-of-MS
https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-MS

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. ...

Self Tolerance and Microbe Triggered Autoimmunity (T Cell Focus)

We have been discussing the autoantibodies or anti-idiotype antibodies for a few days. A frequent question asked is "How does the immune system start attacking our own tissues while it was not doing so before the COVID infection, or a Spike protein vaccine?" Let's build our understanding of these mechanisms.

Page 350. Anergy and the role of tissue resident dendritic cells.
Page 350. B cell tolerance. A beautiful mechanism of B cell receptor editing.
Page 351. B cell deletion by an unknown mechanism.
Normal mechanism is B cell anergy in the presence of abundant antigen from all sides of the immature B cell.

Immunologic tolerance is defined as unresponsiveness to an antigen that is induced by exposure to that antigen. The term arose from the experimental observation that animals that had encountered an antigen under particular conditions would not respond to, that is, would tolerate, subsequent exposures to the same antigen.

Abbas, Abul K.; Lichtman, Andrew H.; Pillai, Shiv. Cellular and Molecular Immunology E-Book (p. 337). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition. 

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

How To Do Intermittent Fasting?

Intermittent fasting is an important emerging science. Let's review how to do intermittent fasting and the benefits of it.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

URL list from Friday, Jun. 10 2022

Physiology, Fasting - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534877/

Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170977/

Seven ways to do intermittent fasting: The best methods
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322293#seven-ways-to-do-intermittent-fasting

Intermittent Fasting... Does It Work?
https://lifeandhealth.org/lifestyle/intermittent-fasting-does-it-work/1017874.html?gclid=CjwKCAjw14uVBhBEEiwAaufYx9GnYVjOAdywtFV4jGChNwrEBwtrHGTojUiknE6qdRIhWpokSXNraBoCXdAQAvD_BwE

Fat and Diabetes - Fatty Foods, Low Fat Diets and Good & Bad Fats
https://www.diabetes.co.uk/nutrition/fat-and-diabetes.html#:~:text=Unlike%20carbohydrate%2C%20and%20to%20a,protecting%20our%20body%20and%20organs.

Effects of dietary fat on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome in: European Journal of Endocrinology Volume 180 Issue 5 (2019)
https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/180/5/EJE-19-0022.xml

Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes | Diabetes Care | American Diabetes Association
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/4/810/37916/Dietary-Fat-Acutely-Increases-Glucose

Fat and Diabetes - Fatty Foods, Low Fat Diets and Good & Bad Fats
https://www.diabetes.co.uk/nutrition/fat-and-diabetes.html

I-RECOVER: Post-Vaccine Treatment - FLCCC | Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance
https://covid19criticalcare.com/covid-19-protocols/i-recover-post-vaccine-treatment/

Intermittent fasting: the science of going without - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680567/

Time restricted feeding without reducing caloric intake prevents metabolic diseases in mice fed a high fat diet - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491655/

Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833266/

The Diabetes Code: Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes Naturally - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640893/#:~:text=Jason%20Fung%2C%20a%20Canadian%20nephrologist,just%20how%20to%20do%20it.

Frontiers | Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin in Cancer | Pharmacology
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.772510/full

Insulin Dosing for Fat and Protein: Is it Time?
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/43/1/13/35953/Insulin-Dosing-for-Fat-and-Protein-Is-it-Time

Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for carbohydrate-based bolus dose calculation and intensive diabetes management
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/4/810/37916/Dietary-Fat-Acutely-Increases-Glucose

In this amazing research, the researchers from the Boston Children's Hospital demonstrate for the first time ever the presence of 3D shape sensing proteins in the bacteria. These sensors help bacteria recognize the DNA packaging enzymes of the infecting bacteriophage.

In this talk we will present the first foundational set of concepts about the immune system. We will discuss the parts of the immune system. General properties of the innate and acquired or adaptive arms. Cells of the innate arm. Proteins of the innate arm. And, the functions of various aspects of the innate arm. In the next talk, we will discuss the overview of the adaptive arm.

In this talk, we will review the granulocytes, natural killer cells, and the process of phagocytosis. We will continue to build the foundations of immunology by also discussing the definition of antigens and the process of antigen presentation. We will also discuss the activation mechanism for the adaptive arm by the innate arm cells.

NK cells originate from the lymphoid progenitors, however, these cells function as the innate arm component. NK cells induce apoptosis in the infected and cancerous cells. NK cells secret perforins and granzymes for this purpose. NK cells are activated by IL-12 from the macrophages and IFN alpha and beta from the infected cells. NK cells can in turn release IFN gamma to activate the macrophages.

References Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6099181/

Stem cell - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell

A Teenage Girl's Incurable Cancer is Cured

A teenage girl Alyssa with incurable leukemia was given a 3 base edited CAR-T cell intervention. Six months after she has no signs of cancer anymore. Let's look at the technology and its application.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

URL list from Thursday, Dec. 15 2022

Base editing: Revolutionary therapy clears girl's incurable cancer - BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63859184

'Living drug' offers hope to terminal blood cancer patients - BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48706822

CAR T cell - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAR_T_cell

Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-Cell Therapy in Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma | NEJM
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1707447

Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage | Nature
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17946.epdf?sharing_token=Ayk5lsRJNTXZhNCDFbyzQdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OOBdtbpUtFghvd4aJsTYA4jDbMWRsLFRXQC5G7bexHTsT1hCyBc5Mec-3i6nrNAK0LO7r2sQnIo0SsK5v0q4_kjeed_tm7MjoxQZ1Hve_RHTm5dwaXE9XoG63kNhO67h4VjDMrZtSpqIwvLG8pCPcK3VwsFjOri6qe_6lTZZvQCQ%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=www.bbc.com

Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage | Nature
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17946

GOSH delivers world-first treatment for Leukaemia | Base editing and CAR T-cell Therapy | Great Ormond Street Hospital | Great Ormond Street Hospital
https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/gosh-patient-receives-world-first-treatment-for-her-incurable-t-cell-leukaemia/

David R. Liu on Twitter: "Alyssa, a 13-year old T-cell leukemia (ALL) patient in the UK, was the first person to receive a base editing therapeutic—T cells with three base edits—and the first patient reported to benefit from base editing: complete remission, 6 months later. 1/3 https://t.co/CgL6mD6U7B" / Twitter
https://twitter.com/davidrliu/status/1601770994070597632

CD7 is a differentiation marker that identifies multiple CD8 T cell effector subsets - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12594257/

CD19 - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19

Pathogenesis and prognostication in acute lymphoblastic leukemia - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4108947/

CAR T Cells: Engineering Immune Cells to Treat Cancer - NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/research/car-t-cells

Causes of Death in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Hue Central Hospital for 10 Years (2008-2018) - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977218/#:~:text=Infection%20is%20the%20major%20cause,especially%20prevention%20and%20control%20infection.

Chimeric antigen receptor CAR Technique - Creative Biolabs (Updated Version) - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAbk7ggXzVg&t=315s&ab_channel=CreativeBiolabs

Costimulation in unmodified T cells and within chimeric antigen... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Costimulation-in-unmodified-T-cells-and-within-chimeric-antigen-receptor-CAR-T-cells_fig1_333029514

Cytotoxic T cell - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell

 

A common question during the COVID-19 pandemic from the long COVID patients is that my interleukin 6 (IL-6) is elevated for months or years but my c reactive protein (CRP) is back to normal. In this talk, we will review a study of hospitalized patients with a discordant IL-6 and CRP.

In addition to the review of the study, we will also briefly review the functions of the CRP other than its use as a blood biomarker for inflammation.

URL list from Tuesday, May. 23 2023
Frontiers | Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988/full?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email#F4

JCM | Free Full-Text | Discrepancy of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 at Hospitalization: Infection in Patients with Normal C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin and High Interleukin-6 Values
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/24/7324

Function of C-reactive protein - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10852144/

Normal CRP levels (and how to lower CRP levels)
https://www.singlecare.com/blog/normal-crp-levels/

What is Fc Receptor | Sino Biological
https://www.sinobiological.com/research/fc-receptor#:~:text=Fc%20receptors%20are%20found%20on,(e.g.%2C%20B%20cells).

Ashwagandha is a herb used in Indian medicine (Ayurvedic medicine) for nearly 3000 years. It is found in India, Middle East, and Africa. It is reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, neuroprotective, adaptogenic, and reproductive and hormone-modulating effects. Let's review the anti-inflammatory aspects of this herb. We will discuss NF-kB pathway modulation.

Pharmaceutics | Free Full-Text | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/4/1057

Pharmaceutics | Free Full-Text | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/4/1057#B41-pharmaceutics-15-01057

Ashwagandha - Special Subjects - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/dietary-supplements-and-vitamins/ashwagandha

ASHWAGANDHA: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-953/ashwagandha


Ashwagandha root extract exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells by inhibiting the MAPK/NF‑κB pathways and by regulating cytokines
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/42/1/425

Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-00312-6

Frontiers | NF-κB Signaling in Macrophages: Dynamics, Crosstalk, and Signal Integration
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00705/full

fimmu-10-00705-g002.jpg (1084×813)
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/443978/fimmu-10-00705-HTML/image_m/fimmu-10-00705-g002.jpg

fimmu-10-00705-g001.jpg (1084×813)
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/443978/fimmu-10-00705-HTML/image_m/fimmu-10-00705-g001.jpg

Frontiers | What Is Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Doing in and to the Mitochondrion?
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2019.00154/full#:~:text=Nuclear%20factor%20kappa%20B%20(NF%2D%CE%BAB)%20is%20an%20ancient,cellular%20resistance%20to%20invading%20pathogens.

IκBα - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%CE%BAB%CE%B1

Continuing with the series about the effects of Ashwagandha. Today we will discuss the anti-stress and adaptogenic effects of this herb. Ashwagandha helps improve neuronal plasticity, regeneration, and reduces damage and death of these cells. Ashwagandha triggers the upregulation of HSP70 proteins to accomplish this effect. Let's review.

Pharmaceutics | Free Full-Text | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/4/1057

Evidence-Based Efficacy of Adaptogens in Fatigue, and Molecular M...: Ingenta Connect
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/ccp/2009/00000004/00000003/art00004

Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) as an Emerging Drug Target - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895966/#:~:text=Heat%20shock%20protein%2070%20(Hsp70)%20is%20a%20molecular%20chaperone%20that,or%20aggregation%20until%20conditions%20improve.

Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress - ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305703001102

Phytotherapy Research | Medicinal Chemistry Journal | Wiley Online Library
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.858

Frontiers | c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2015.00321/full

Frontiers | DAF-16/FOXO Transcription Factor in Aging and Longevity
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2017.00548/full

In this amazing study, the researchers present evidence that the IgA and IgG produced in the COVID-19 vaccinees become part of the aerosol and enter the nasal mucosa of the individuals in the surroundings. Researchers found the IgG from vaccinees to be present in the nose of their children. Note that these children were not vaccinated or infected.

We will also discuss (near the end of the talk) the mechanism of secretion of dimeric IgA and monomers of IgG.

Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Humoral Immunity | ImmunoHorizons | American Association of Immunologists
https://journals.aai.org/immunohorizons/article/7/5/307/263692/Evidence-for-Aerosol-Transfer-of-SARS-CoV-2

Antibodies and Their Receptors: Different Potential Roles in Mucosal Defense - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712224/

The structures of secretory and dimeric immunoglobulin A | eLife
https://elifesciences.org/articles/56098

BSA Coated Polystyrene Beads
https://www.nanocs.net/polystyrene_particles/BSA-polystyrene-beads.htm

Folic Acid BSA Conjugate Solution - Molecular Depot
https://moleculardepot.com/product/folic-acid-bsa-conjugate/#:~:text=Concentrated%20solution%20of%20Bovine%20Serum,made%20in%20Phosphate%20Buffer%20Saline.

Omega 3 is typically anti-inflammatory and omega 6 is typically proinflammatory. In this talk we will discuss the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 and the nuances. We will also dive deep in understanding why omega 3 is anti-inflammatory and why omega 6 is proinflammatory. Finally, we will review why a continuous balance of omega 6 and 3 is needed instead of a short-term intervention.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids - ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0753332202002536?via%3Dihub

The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: health implications | OCL - Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids
https://www.ocl-journal.org/articles/ocl/full_html/2010/05/ocl2010175p267/ocl2010175p267.html#:~:text=A%20target%20of%20omega%2D6/omega%2D3%20fatty%20acid%20ratio,evolutionary%20aspects%20of%20diet%2C%20neurodevelopment%20and%20genetics.

Serum Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio and Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease in an Industrial Population of Delhi - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5598746/

Omega-3 versus Omega-6 fatty acid availability is controlled by hydrophobic site geometries of phospholipase A2s - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34474084/

Omega-3 comes in three molecular forms. Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) which can then be converted to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). ALA is less directly important while DHA and EPA are essential for omega-3 effects. ALA conversion to DHA and EPA is less than 5%. Let's review some of the sources of EPA and DHA and compare the quantities needed for 1 g daily DHA and EPA.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute the provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health-related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
 

URL list from Friday, May. 17 2024 16:13 PM

Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Health Professional Fact Sheet
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/

Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Consumer
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer/#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20Food%20and%20Drug,DHA%20combined%20from%20dietary%20supplements.

Study links omega-3s to improved brain structure, cognition at midlife - UT Health San Antonio
https://news.uthscsa.edu/study-links-omega-3s-to-improved-brain-structure-cognition-at-midlife/

Are all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids created equal? - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224740/