This video presents the introduction to the restrictive lung diseases We will discuss: 
Definition

• Types 
  • Extrapulmonary restrictive lung diseases
    • Obesity
    • Scoliosis
  • Pulmonary parenchymal restrictive lung diseases
    • Idiopathic
    • Autoimmune
    • Granulomatous (Wagner's granulomatosis, Sarcoidosis)
    • Occupational (pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, coal, etc.)
    • Other irritants
    • Chronic infections (Tuberculosis)
  • Neuromuscular restrictive lung diseases
    • Myasthenia gravis
    • Diaphragm issues
    • Polio

Cellular events/pathogenesis

• Damaged Type I Pneumocytes
• Hypertrophy of Type II Pneumocytes
• Irritated epithelium
• Irritated macrophages
• Apoptosis of epithelium
• Tissue damage leading to local inflammation and lung destruction/scaring.
• Neutrophils releasing cytokines, proteases, tumor growth factors (TGF)
• Macrophages releasing transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), platelet activation factor.
• Fibroblasts overactivity resulting in more extracellular matrix and hardening.
• Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation.
• Smooth muscle proliferation.
• Respiratory interface thickening. Disrupted gaseous exchange.

Clinical Presentation

• Dry hacking cough
• Dyspnea
• Hypoxia
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Late inspiratory crackles

Abnormal chest X-Ray

• Reduced volume in chest X-Ray
• Lower lobes show more involvement and the reason why.
• Right heart failure/cor pulmonale 

Lung Function Changes

• FEV1/FVC ratio increases > 80% (normal or above normal)

Treatment

• Anti-inflammatory (may not be very effective)
• TGF Beta-blockers
• Oxygen
• Lung transplant