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Hip Joint 3D

  • Description:
  • * It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur.
  • * It allows abduction and adduction, flexion and extension, and circumduction and rotation.
  • * It is stabilized by the acetabular labrum, the fibrous capsule, and the capsular ligaments; the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral.
  • * It receives blood from branches of the medial and lateral femoral circumflex, superior and inferior gluteal, and obturator arteries.
  • * It is innervated by branches of the femoral, obturator, sciatic and superior gluteal nerves.                                                                                                     

Fibrous and cartilaginous structures

  • Acetabular labrum:  
  • * It is a complete fibrocartilage rim that deepens the articular socket for the head of the femur and consequently stabilizes the hip joint.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  • Fibrous capsule:
  • * It is attached proximally to the margin of the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament.
  • * It is attached distally to the neck of the femur, anteriorly to the intertrochanteric line, and posteriorly to the intertrochanteric crest.
  • * It encloses part of the head and most of the neck of the femur.                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  • Ischiofemoral ligament:
  • * It reinforces the fibrous capsule posteriorly. It extends from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur.
  • * It limits extension and medial rotation of the thigh.                                                                                                                                                        

Ligaments

  • Iliofemoral ligament:
  • * The iliofemoral ligament or inverted Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow lies anteriorly.
  • * It prevents the trunk from falling backward in the standing posture.
  • * The ligament is triangular. Its apex is attached to the lower half of the anterior inferior iliac spine and the base to the intertrochanteric line.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Pubofemoral ligament:
  • * * It reinforces the fibrous capsule inferiorly. It extends from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the femoral neck.
  • * It limits extension and abduction.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  • Ligamentum Teres Capitis Femoris:
  • * Ligamentum teres is flat and triangular ligament. * The apex is attached to the fovea capitis and the base to the transverse ligament.
  • * It transmits acetabular branches of the obturator and medial circumflex-femoral arteries to the head of the femur.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  • Transverse Acetabular ligament:
  • * * It is a fibrous band that bridges the acetabular notch and converts it into a foramen, through which the acetabular vessels enter the joint.

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  • Description:
  • * It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur.
  • * It allows abduction and adduction, flexion and extension, and circumduction and rotation.
  • * It is stabilized by the acetabular labrum, the fibrous capsule, and the capsular ligaments; the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral.
  • * It receives blood from branches of the medial and lateral femoral circumflex, superior and inferior gluteal, and obturator arteries.
  • * It is innervated by branches of the femoral, obturator, sciatic and superior gluteal nerves.                                                                                                     

Fibrous and cartilaginous structures

  • Acetabular labrum:  
  • * It is a complete fibrocartilage rim that deepens the articular socket for the head of the femur and consequently stabilizes the hip joint.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  • Fibrous capsule:
  • * It is attached proximally to the margin of the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament.
  • * It is attached distally to the neck of the femur, anteriorly to the intertrochanteric line, and posteriorly to the intertrochanteric crest.
  • * It encloses part of the head and most of the neck of the femur.                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  • Ischiofemoral ligament:
  • * It reinforces the fibrous capsule posteriorly. It extends from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur.
  • * It limits extension and medial rotation of the thigh.                                                                                                                                                        

Ligaments

  • Iliofemoral ligament:
  • * The iliofemoral ligament or inverted Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow lies anteriorly.
  • * It prevents the trunk from falling backward in the standing posture.
  • * The ligament is triangular. Its apex is attached to the lower half of the anterior inferior iliac spine and the base to the intertrochanteric line.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Pubofemoral ligament:
  • * * It reinforces the fibrous capsule inferiorly. It extends from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the femoral neck.
  • * It limits extension and abduction.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  • Ligamentum Teres Capitis Femoris:
  • * Ligamentum teres is flat and triangular ligament. * The apex is attached to the fovea capitis and the base to the transverse ligament.
  • * It transmits acetabular branches of the obturator and medial circumflex-femoral arteries to the head of the femur.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  • Transverse Acetabular ligament:
  • * * It is a fibrous band that bridges the acetabular notch and converts it into a foramen, through which the acetabular vessels enter the joint.

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