Chronic Inflammation - T Regulatory Cells (Lecture 4)

An important lecture in the chronic inflammation series. T Regulatory cells (TRegs) and their function. Let's review this promising area of immunology.

Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

A good reference diagram in the book:
FIGURE 15.6   Mechanism of action of CTLA-4. A, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) or activated T cells can inhibit the activation of responding T cells on the same antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (in trans). B, CTLA-4 on regulatory or activated T cells binds to B7 molecules on APCs and removes these molecules from the surface of the APCs, making the B7 costimulators unavailable to CD28 and blocking T cell activation. This action of CTLA-4 is able to suppress immune responses best when B7 levels are low, enabling CTLA-4 to out-compete the lower-affinity receptor CD28.

References:
Textbook: Abbas, Abul K.; Lichtman, Andrew H.; Pillai, Shiv. Cellular and Molecular Immunology E-Book (p. 94). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition. 

URL list from Wednesday, May. 31 2022

Targeting IL-2: an unexpected effect in treating immunological diseases | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-017-0002-5#:~:text=While%20IL%2D2%20is%20generally,unwanted%20immune%20responses%20and%20eventually

IL-2 administration increases CD4+ CD25(hi) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16304057/

IL-2 administration increases CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1473973/

IL-10-Dependent Amelioration of Chronic Inflammatory Disease by Microdose Subcutaneous Delivery of a Prototypic Immunoregulatory Small Molecule - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305950/

Chronic Inflammation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493173/

Inflammation - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753746/

Frontiers | Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals | Immunology
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01523/full